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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforDetectingHotSpotsUsingPoint-Net(Grid)SearchPatterns
【原文标准名称】:使用点网(格栅)搜寻模式探测热点的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD6982-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D34.01.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:preliminaryinvestigation;sampling;siteinvestigation;soilinvestigation;subsurfaceexploration;systematicsampling;Contamination--environmental;Contamination--soil;Contamination--water;Hotspots;Sampling;Siteassessment/characterization;
【摘要】:Searchsamplingstrategieshavefoundwideutilityingeologicexplorationwheredrillingisrequiredtodetectsubsurfacemineraldeposit,suchaswhendrillingforoilandgas.Usingsuchstrategiestosearchforburiedwastesandsubsurfacecontaminants,includingvolatileorganiccompounds,isalogicalextensionofthesestrategies.Systematicsamplingstrategiesareoftenthemostcost-effectivemethodforsearchingforhotspots.Thispracticemaybeusedtodeterminetheriskofmissingahotspotofspecifiedsizeandshapegivenaspecifiedsamplingpatternandsamplingdensity.Thispracticemaybeusedtodeterminethesmallesthotspotthatcanbedetectedwithaspecifiedprobabilityandgivensamplingdensity.Thispracticemaybeusedtoselecttheoptimumgridsamplingstrategy(thatis,samplingpatternanddensity)foraspecifiedriskofnotdetectingahotspot.Byusingthealgorithmsgiveninthispractice,onecanbalancethecostofsamplingversustheriskofmissingahotspot.Searchsamplingpatternsmayalsobeusedtooptimizethelocationsofadditionalgroundwatermonitoringwellsorvadosezonemonitoringdevices.1.1Thispracticeprovidesequationsandnomographs,andareferencetoacomputerprogram,forcalculatingprobabilitiesofdetectinghotspots(thatis,localizedareasofsoilorgroundwatercontamination)usingpoint-net(thatis,grid)searchpatterns.Hotspots,moregenerallyreferredtoastargets,arepresumedtobeinvisibleonthegroundsurface.Hotspotsmayincludeformersurfaceimpoundmentsandwastedisposalpits,aswellascontaminantplumesingroundwaterorthevadosezone.1.2Forpurposesofcalculatingdetectionprobabilities,hotspotsorburiedcontaminantsarepresumedtobeellipticallyshapedwhenprojectedverticallytothegroundsurface,andsearchpatternsaresquare,rectangular,orrhombic.Assumptionsaboutthesizeandshapeofsuspectedhotspotsaretheprimarylimitationsofthispractice,andmustbejudgedbyhistoricalinformation.Afurtherlimitationisthathotspotboundariesareusuallynotclearanddistinct.1.3Ingeneral,thispracticeshouldnotbeusedinlieuofsurfacegeophysicalmethodsfordetectingburiedobjects,includingundergroundutilities,wheresuchburiedobjectscanbedetectedbythesemethods(seeGuideD6429).1.4Searchsamplingwouldnormallybeconductedduringpreliminaryinvestigationsofhazardouswastesitesorhazardouswastemanagementfacilities(seeGuideD5730).Samplingmaybeconductedbydrillingorbydirect-pushmethods.Incontrast,guidanceonsamplingforthepurposeofmakingstatisticalinferencesaboutpopulationcharacteristics(forexample,contaminantconcentrations)canbefoundinGuideD6311.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C80
【国际标准分类号】:13_020_99
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语